Chickenpox is a highly contagious skin infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Once the virus gets into the body, it will take at least a week or more for the symptoms to appear. The virus is incubated for 10-21 days. The infection spreads in the same way as cold and flu. Diagnosis of chickenpox may be done by observing the signs and symptoms.
As per the research and data, the normal incubation period for this virus averages around 14 days and ranges from 10-21 days.
Symptoms of chickenpox
The symptoms of chickenpox vary as the disease progresses. The following symptoms appear before the rashes appear on skin:
- A general feeling of being unwell
- Fever, usually high for adults
- Aching muscles
- Loss of appetite
- Feeling nauseous
Once the rashes appear, the following symptoms appear:
- Rash
The severity of the rash varies from few spots to the entire body. - Spots
The spots develop in the form of clusters that appear on the limbs, face, chest, and stomach. These spots are red and itchy. - Blisters
The spots may be covered by blisters and can start to itch. - Clouding
At this stage, the blisters begin to cloud over and start drying out. A crust develops over these blisters. - Healing
During the healing phase, which happens after about 10 days, the crusts fall off on their own.
Prevention of chickenpox
Following these tips can help in the prevention of chickenpox
- Get vaccinated
The most effective method of preventing the disease is by getting vaccinated. Usually, children are vaccinated against the varicella-zoster virus once they complete 1 year. A follow-up dose is given after the age of 4-5 years. The vaccine may also be given to non-immune women who are planning to conceive. However, women who are already pregnant are not eligible for the chickenpox vaccine. A similar vaccine with a higher dose is available for elderly who have already had chickenpox, for preventing the outbreak of shingles. - Strengthen your immunity
A strong immune system helps in the prevention of any kind of infection. Those with a compromised system are susceptible to infection. - Avoid contact with those infected by chickenpox
If a family member has been infected with chickenpox, it is advisable to quarantine them until the infection disappears.
Tips to avoid spreading the condition
Here are tips to prevent the spreading of chickenpox:
- Disinfect the house and hands regularly
Since it is a contagious disease, it is better to disinfect the home and hands often. - Allow the illness to run its course
Letting the disease run its course is the best way to gain immunity against it. - Consult the doctor regarding antiviral medicines
Those who are at high risk of complications may take antiviral medication after consulting the doctor.
Common complications of chickenpox are the bacterial infection of the skin, swelling of the brain or pneumonia. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and limiting exposure to the virus are preventive measures against chickenpox. Vaccinations are recommended in many countries like Australia, Canada, among many others.
